Friday 16 August
Warm and humid, but with cloud covering southern England.
The cloud limited Luftwaffe action in the morning, but late in the morning RDF plots of four formations, 100+ aircraft, were seen heading towards the south coast between Dungeness and Margate. Fighter Command reacted by keeping a small number of aircraft over their ‘home’ airfields while scrambling No 111 Squadron to patrol Hawkinge, 266 to patrol Manston and 56 to patrol Rochford. First into action was No. 111 Squadron, who attacked a formation of 20+ Do 17s and their escort of Bf 109s head on. They failed to turn back the raid which continued on to bomb West Malling. No. 266 Squadron became entangled with a group of Bf 109s at 22,000 feet and was unable to prevent the Do 17s, far below, from bombing Tilbury docks. As this was going on, three more squadrons were scrambled, No 45 from Hornchurch to patrol their base, 64 from Kenley to patrol Dover and 32 from Biggin Hill, also to patrol Dover. At this time enemy formations were heading up the Thames estuary. KG 3, presumably targeting Tilbury docks bombed short, hitting the town of Northfleet, killing 29 civilians. No 54 Squadron arrived but failed to intercept when they saw the escorting Bf 109s above.
During the fighting the Luftwaffe lost 5 Bf 109s and just 1 Do 17, a reflection of the fighting between the escorts and British fighters which allowed the bombers to escape almost unscathed. Fighter Command lost 7 of its fighters.
At 12.30 RDF detected a raid forming up over Cherbourg and heading towards the Solent/Portsmouth area. In response five squadrons were scrambled, Nos. 1, 43, 601, 249, 213 and 152. It was No 43 that was the first to engage making a head on attack. The Ju 87s of I./StG 2 remained intact and pushed on to Tangmere. The Hurricanes of 601 squadron had been instructed to engage the fighter cover at 20,000 feet, but seeing no Bf 109s instead dived on the Ju 87s as they started to bomb. No 43 Squadron also arrived on the scene. S/Ldr Johnstone, the C/O of 602 Squadron saw the bombing of Tangmere and scrambled from Westhampnett, he knew he could not intercept the raid, but did not want to be caught on the ground. Tangmere was badly hit, 13 RAF personnel killed and 7 Hurricanes, 6 Blenheims and 2 Spitfires destroyed.
It was during this phase of the fighting that American Billy Fiske was fatally injured, his funeral would be the subject of a trans-Atlantic propaganda broadcast. It was also as a result of his actions today that F/Lt Nicholson would be awarded a Victoria Cross.
The Luftwaffe lost 2 Bf 109s and 9 Ju 87s (another 7 returned damaged). The RAF had lost 5 of its fighters with another 6 damaged, in addition to those destroyed on the ground at Tangmere.
Shortly after tea time at about 16.30 RDF plots showed another attack developing. Four plots, totalling 100+ were forming up over Dunkirk-Boulogne, threatening Dover, and another 100+ were heading from Cherbourg towards the Isle of Wight.
The first three raids crossed the coast on a wide front from South Foreland to Dungeness and another crossed the Essex coast. Fighter Command sent of seven squadrons, Nos. 65, 610, 32, 56, 64, 501 and 19. There was heavy cloud and both bombing and combat was confused an widespread. The various reports show that 65 squadron was the first in action, engaging 60 Do 17s of I./KG 2 and ‘200 fighters’ in the South Foreland area. 501 squadron engaged the same formation near Maidstone. 56 Squadron engaged some Do 17s and their escort over the Thames estuary. 32 squadron made a head on attack on the 50 Ju 88s of KG 51 and their escorting Bf 110s near Sevenoaks. Another formation of Ju 88s (LG1?) scattered bombs over Eastbourne. 610 and 64 squadrons attacked Ju 88s and Bf 110s north of Dungeness. 40+ He 111s of KG 53 and KG 1, escorted by Bf 110s, crossed the coast at Harwich and wandered about looking for targets before they were intercepted by some of 610 squadrons Spitfires (A Flight which was trialling cannon armament).
The Luftwaffe lost 4 Bf 109s, 3 Do 17s and 1 Bf 110, with several other aircraft damaged. The RAF lost 3 fighters, all Spitfires with another destroyed by strafing at Manston.
The second element of this raid reached the coast on a front between the Isle of Wight and Worthing. This time six squadrons were scrambled, Nos 615, 1, 602, 601, 152 and 234. The 200 or so enemy aircraft roamed all over the south of England, afforded protection by the cloud. Bombs were scattered across the countryside with no apparent target. Occasionally RAF fighters would catch one of the small formations.
The Luftwaffe lost 2 Bf 109s, 3 He 111s and 5 Bf 110s. The RAF lost 2 of its fighters.
The final tally for the day for the Luftwaffe was a loss of 39 aircraft, destroyed or written off, with another 22 damaged. The RAF lost 22 aircraft, destroyed or written off, with another 16 damaged. A further 9 fighters were destroyed on the ground.
Even at this early stage the damage that the Luftwaffe needed to inflict on Fighter Command was not being achieved, though poor intelligence led some commanders to believe that it was. In fact far from achieving a 5:1 positive exchange ratio the Luftwaffe was regularly losing more of its own aircraft and suffering a negative gross exchange rate. Even the fighter:fighter rate was closer to 1:1 than it was to 5:1
There were many human casualties on the ground today, but unlucky was this hare, struck by a Heinkel 111 of 7./KG 55 as it made a forced landing near Worthing, having been shot down by fighters, probably of No 602 Squadron.
I suspect he is going to end up as someone’s dinner. Maybe the Corporal on the right (holding a magazine for one of the bomber’s machine guns) will pull rank on the soldier to the left (also grasping a magazine) who looks like he might eat the hare raw